what is lightning arresters

Lightning arresters, also known as surge arresters or lightning surge protectors, are used in power systems to protect electrical equipment and infrastructure from the damaging effects of lightning strikes and voltage surges. Here are the main reasons why lightning arresters are used:

Lightning is a natural phenomenon that can generate extremely high voltages and currents. When a lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of power lines or electrical equipment, it can induce transient overvoltages that may cause insulation breakdown, equipment damage, or even complete system failure. Lightning arresters provide a low-impedance path for lightning surges to bypass the protected equipment, diverting the excess current and voltage safely to the ground.

Lightning is not the only source of voltage surges in a power system. Switching operations, faults, and other disturbances can also cause transient voltage spikes that can damage sensitive equipment. Lightning arresters are designed to respond quickly to these surges, providing a path of low resistance to divert the excess energy and limit the voltage rise across the protected equipment.

High-voltage equipment, such as transformers, generators, and transmission lines, often have insulation systems that are designed to withstand a specific voltage level. Lightning strikes can produce overvoltages that exceed the insulation's capability, leading to insulation breakdown and subsequent equipment failure. By installing lightning arresters at strategic locations, the insulation systems are protected by diverting the lightning-induced overvoltages to the ground.

Lightning arresters help improve the overall reliability and uptime of the power system. By mitigating the effects of lightning strikes and voltage surges, they reduce the risk of equipment damage, minimize downtime, and prevent costly repairs or replacements. This is particularly crucial for critical infrastructure and industries where uninterrupted power supply is essential.

Lightning arresters contribute to the safety of personnel working in and around electrical installations. By preventing insulation failures and equipment damage, they reduce the likelihood of electrical accidents and associated risks.

Overall, lightning arresters are an important component of power systems, providing protection against lightning-induced overvoltages and voltage surges. They play a vital role in safeguarding electrical infrastructure, equipment, and personnel, ensuring the reliable operation of power systems.